Transnational trade usage is the most important source of international commercial law which is based on the course of conduct and practices. Despite the acceptance and application of trade usage in commercial relations, there are some ambiguities regarding its nature, identification and its binding force as a legal rule in national courts procedure. Lack of an international legislative body i...

In this research, protection of commercial expectation has been examined. The main question is how we could identify and assess existence of commercial expectations. In response, commercial expectation are acquisition of expectable benefit in market, mass production, absence of technical failure in licensed knowledge and so on. Therefore, it is essential to response by analysis of contract law ...

In settling disputes regarding international commercial arbitration the parties may instead of choosing the law of one country to choose lex mercatoria or the law of merchants as a applicable law to the disputes. When this choice is possible that applicable choice of law rules recognize such power for the parties. The principle of autonomy is choosing lex mercatoria has been recognized in many ...